RADIAL TIRE CONSTRUCTION AND FUNCTIONS

Sidewall is the side of tire protects body ply and should not be in contact with the road surface when the tira rotates. The section designed to provide a flexible physical character in case of deflection in this area. Function:

1. Protect against collisions from side of tire.
2. Material to increase flexibility of tire
3. Layer rubber wraps body ply from shoulder area to bead area.
4. Determine hardness and softness direction of radial tire.

Special rubber positioned between the edge of steel bett, functioning to muffle the vibration on the edge of fiber of steel belt.

Cap String / Cap Ply is a nylon yam layer laminated with rubber. placed between steel belts layers and tread.
Function:

1. Withstands bett from centrifugal force and provides stability and durability of tire when rotates at high speed.
2. Raise a speed on bumpy road conditions.

Tread is the outer side area of tire surrounds the frame of tire. Designed to protect tire construction from damage caused by physical factors (such punctured or cut). Moreover, provide resistance to wear and good grip on the wet road surface, with drainage ability of water and avoid one side slipping during breaking. It required suitable tread pattern as operational needs. The raw material used in produce the rubber tread compound also should be from environmentally friendly materials.

Apex is a triangular-shaped extrusion paired with bead. Apex provides a cushion between bead, inner liner and body ply.
Function:

1. Fill an empty space above bead when turn-up.
2. Reinforce or boosts strength on rim line area (handling and stability).

Inner liner is a deeper part of tire. Functioned as an inner tires replacer and withstands air migration.

Steel belt is a layer of steel wire laminated with rubber placed between body ply and cap ply with a circular direction. Belt gives strength of tire and has a flexible physical character.
Function:

1. Fastener body plies to obtain the desired shape.
2. Protect and reduce collisions on tread.
3. Add strength of lateral tread.

Form of carbon steel wire coated with hard rubber and bundled as desired construction. The carbon steel wire laminated with special material from copper (Cu) or brass bronze. The laminate aims to protect steel from corrosion. Bead has a flexible and elastic physical character, and provides mechanical strength for tire. Generally bead will be mounted firmly on the rim when the tire filled with air pressure.
Function:

1. As a buffer of body ply (carcass)
2. As a rim strong ply barrier when tires mounted on rim

Body ply is a plated sheet as a major part of tire, which consists of rubber layers and nylon layers or polyester yarn as the reinforcement material.
Functions::

1. As a frame of the tire
2. To withstand air pressure inside the tire
3. Absorb vibration from the road (suspense system).
4. Assisting belt in keeping tension or refute load